The Indian truth behind the ruins of Takshasila

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        The truth behind the ruins of Takshasila Takshasila (Taxila ) was a vital Buddhist centre from the fifth century B.C. to the Sixth Century A.D. Takshasila illustrates the different stages in the development of a city on the Indus. It included the ancient Neolithic Saraikala mound, the Sirkap fortification (2nd century B.C.) and the town of Sirsukh (1st century A.D.). Central Asian, Persian and Greek influence can be witnessed at Takshasila. (Centre, 2023). Ancient Takshasila was situated at the pivotal junction of South Asia and Central Asia. The common association of the Huns with Takshasila has been the destroyer of the Buddhist structures at Takshasila. The name “Huns” has been associated with atrocities committed against select groups and vandalism, especially by Attila  in Europe. However, no reliable evidence exists of the Alkhan carrying out such atrocities and destruction in the outgoing fourth century. New archaeological research has revealed that this image does not
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Slippery runway & more so the safety area at Kozhikode may be a leading cause of the Air India Express crash

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RESA

 The entire state machinery is on overdrive to defend the Calicut Airport stating that it was completely safe for flight operations. There are two significant points to focus on while determining the causes of the accident. 

1. Previous safety audits have pointed to vegetation on the runway end safety area (RESA).

2. The rubber deposits at the ends of the runway may have been a contributory cause of the accident.

Comparison

A comparison of the runway friction values indicates a possibility of higher rubber deposits or poor runway friction levels at both ends of the runways.

A friction level below 0.47 requires maintenance action as per the Indian Aeronautical Information Publication.

The combination of runway friction and vegetation on the RESA may have been a significant factor that may have caused the Air India Express 1344 runway overrun at Kozhikode on 7th Aug 2020.

Must note that the runway has a pronounced crown close to the middle and drops more than 25 feet on either side. There are depressions on the runway more than 3mm where water accumulates.

On the day when it was raining, the braking values may have been much lower than those that have been projected.

Read the blog on Hydroplaning

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